Una de cada seis especies en "Buscando a Nemo" se ve amenazada por la extinción según los científicos
El océano se enfrenta a una crisis de la biodiversidad. Los científicos querían saber si la notoriedad de los personajes de "Buscando a Nemo" ayudó con una mejor protección. Lamentablemente, de las 1.568 especies representadas y analizadas con respecto a su estado de conservación, un 16% están amenazadas de extinción, por ejemplo, la mitad de las 8 especies de tiburones martillo (Ancla).
Except for marine turtles, many species are not well studied for their conservation status. So there is some uncertainty about the degree of threat. Invertebrates, such as sea stars, crabs, bivalves and gastropods are particularly poorly studied.
But where studies are available, they are often point to rather high levels of extinction threat. For example, all six species of turtles (Chiqui, Crush) are in that category.
Despite the immensity of the ocean, quite a number of fish species are also threatened, particularly Geat whites and mako sharks (Bruce, Chum), but also eagle rays (El Sr Raya). Clownfish Nemo himself is suffering from those threats.
When analysing the reasons for poor conservation status of species, fisheries turn out to be the single most important, followed by climate change and habitat destruction. Sharks and rays decline as dramatically as they do almost exclusively because of fishing. The warming of surface waters affects e.g. coral leading to bleaching and thus destruction of habitat of reef associated fish and invertebrate species. Pollution and development also affects these nearshore species.
Species carrying out wide-ranging migrations like turtles and marine birds face a much broader range of threats. Not only do they drown in fishing nets, but their nest are being robbed, they may starve to death from ingesting plastic they mistake for food or their habitat during other stages of the life cycle may be affected by changes in the land and the oceanic environments.
In summary, comparatively poor knowledge about the conservation status of marine animals translates into hazards for even prominent species. It is a confirmation of the trend that we don't protect what we don't know and a good reason to spend more time and resources on studying the ocean and its wonderful creatures to avoid losing them.
To read the scientific article click here. Food for thought not only for World Oceans Day (8 June). The reference is
Loren McClenachan, Andrew B. Cooper, Kent E. Carpenter, & Nicholas K. Dulvy. Extinction risk and bottlenecks in the conservation of charismatic marine species. Conservation Letters 5 (2012) 73–80.